Category: Foundations of Counselling and Psychotherapy
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Shaping Lives: A Story of Pigeons and People
B.F. Skinner’s operant conditioning demonstrates how behaviors change through consequences, evident in the story of a pigeon guiding missiles during… Read more.
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From Drooling Dogs to Human Fears
In 1902, Ivan Pavlov’s experiments with dogs led to the discovery of conditioned reflexes, where animals salivated in response to… Read more.
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Revolt of Rats and Couch
In 1924, John B. Watson launched behaviorism, shifting psychology from introspection to objective observation of behavior. This movement challenged psychoanalysis,… Read more.
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Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Therapeutic Practice
From Dreams and Free Associations to Working Through Listening Beneath the Story Imagine sitting with a client who says, “I… Read more.
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Living with Internal Others
Object relations theories emphasize the significance of internalized relationships with caregivers in shaping personality, contrasting with traditional Freudian drive-focused views.… Read more.
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Alfred Adler and the Courage to Be Ordinary
Alfred Adler’s individual psychology focuses on human behavior within social contexts, emphasizing belonging and contribution. He posits that feelings of… Read more.
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Jung’s Inner Landscapes
Carl Gustav Jung diverged from Freud to propose a complex understanding of the psyche, emphasizing archetypes and the collective unconscious.… Read more.
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Freud Revisited
Unconscious Conflicts, Defences and Dynamics of Transference Revisiting Freud from a clinical standpoint means asking how his core ideas about… Read more.
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From Hysteria to the Couch
Emergence of Psychoanalysis and Impact on Psychotherapy In the late nineteenth century, the treatment of mental suffering looked very different… Read more.
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Theoretical Models of Counselling
Three Maps for Helping Clients Change Beginning with a Stuck Moment Imagine a young adult, Aisha, sitting across from you… Read more.